Computational
thinking

About

What is computational thinking?

Definition and origin

In 2006, Jeannette M. Wing, a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, introduced the concept. She defined it as "the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent."

In essence, computational thinking involves applying computing and critical-thinking skills to address challenges. It means thinking as a computer scientist would when faced with a problem. This approach goes beyond programming; it affects how we understand and reason about systems and processes, both natural and artificial.

Fundamental pillars

Computational thinking is based on four fundamental pillars that guide the problem-solving process:

Decomposition: It consists of breaking down a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts. For example, when preparing a recipe or repairing a bicycle, you are applying this principle.

Pattern recognition: It involves identifying similarities or trends within the broken-down problems. This helps you solve the system more efficiently.

Abstraction: It involves focusing on the important information while setting aside irrelevant details. At this stage, you focus on the general features shared by each element, creating a "model" of the problem.

Algorithms: After applying the previous steps, it is time to develop step-by-step instructions to solve each identified problem. These algorithms can be created using flowcharts.

By applying these pillars, you use a logical and systematic thinking process that represents solutions as sequences of instructions and algorithms. This approach makes it possible to formulate problems so that solutions can be executed by following clearly defined steps.

Benefits of computational thinking in education

Improved academic performance

A study conducted in Spain revealed that incorporating this methodology has boosted academic results in terms of competency development and grades. Higher competency levels are often linked to better marks in subjects such as language, mathematics, natural sciences and social sciences. This is because computational thinking facilitates pattern identification, hypothesis formulation and the solving of complex problems in these areas.

Development of cross-curricular skills

These competencies are essential for success in a variety of fields and professions.

Problem solving: Students will learn to identify problems, analyse them and develop effective strategies to solve them.

Logical and systematic thinking: Computational thinking helps address challenges in a structured and logical way.

Collaborative work: It fosters cooperation and community learning.

Personal autonomy: It develops your students' ability to work independently and make decisions.

By integrating computational thinking into your teaching, you are preparing your students for a digital future, equipping them with essential skills and improving their academic performance across different areas of the curriculum.

Strategies for implementing computational thinking

There are several strategies you can use to introduce computational thinking in the classroom. These techniques range from activities without electronic devices to the use of advanced technological tools. Below, we explore three main approaches that will help you develop these skills in your students.

Unplugged activities

Unplugged activities, also known as "unplugged computing", are an excellent way to start working on computational thinking without electronic devices. These activities are ideal for families and schools without technological infrastructure, as they make it possible to develop fundamental skills in an accessible way.

Some unplugged activities you can implement include:

Solving logic puzzles, such as the well-known wolf, goat and cabbage problem.

Working with binary numbers using birthday candles.

Analysing movement patterns in dances to introduce the concept of loops.

Using board games such as "Coding" or "Let's Go Code" to teach basic programming concepts.

Block-based programming

Block-based programming is an ideal strategy for introducing students to programming in an intuitive and visual way. This technique uses simple interfaces where students can drag and drop code blocks to create logical sequences.

Some popular platforms for block-based programming are:

Scratch and Scratch Junior

Minecraft for Education

Code.org

Arduino Blocks

This methodology promotes the assimilation of concepts through visual commands and helps students understand how the programming process works step by step.

Educational robotics

Educational robotics is a versatile tool that combines technological, hands-on and experimental elements to practise computational thinking. This strategy involves students in creating and programming, enabling them to apply concepts of mechanics, electronics and programming in a practical way.

Some benefits of educational robotics include:

Development of logical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Promotion of adaptability and reasoning skills.

Introduction to STEM concepts in a practical and tangible way.

Promotion of teamwork and collaboration.

By implementing these strategies in your classroom, you will provide your students with valuable tools to develop computational thinking and prepare them for an increasingly digital world.

Tools and resources for the classroom

Programming platforms

For younger children, there is Scratch Junior, a simplified version that they can use from the age of five. This app allows children to create their own games and interactive stories, fostering their creativity and problem-solving skills.

Another interesting option is Blockly, developed by Google. It uses the same block-building logic as Scratch, but allows code to be exported to several programming languages, such as JavaScript and Python.

Robotics kits

Robotics kits are excellent tools for applying computational thinking in a practical way. LEGO Mindstorms is one of the most widely used systems, with a visual programming app that is user-friendly for younger learners. This kit allows students to build and programme robots, applying concepts of mechanics, electronics and programming.

Another interesting kit is Maqueen, designed specifically for educational robotics. This kit encourages STEAM skills and promotes innovation and creativity projects in the classroom.

Educational apps

There are numerous apps that help develop computational thinking in a playful way. Lightbot, for example, is a game in which children must programme a robot to light up specific tiles, using basic programming commands.

Code Adventures is another app designed with the help of teachers. Through 32 levels, children learn the five basic categories of programming while solving fun puzzles.

For younger children, Code Karts is an excellent option. This app, designed for children aged four and over, uses car racing to teach basic programming concepts and logical thinking.

These tools and resources will help you introduce computational thinking into your classroom in an effective and entertaining way, preparing your students for an increasingly digital future.

Conclusion

Computational thinking has become an essential tool for enhancing student learning in educational settings. By encouraging the development of these skills, students can address academic challenges more effectively and acquire the competencies needed to face real-world problems.

Explore the world of gamification to complement computational thinking